磷脂结构、膳食来源及营养学研究进展Progress on structure, dietary source and nutrition of phospholipid

磷脂是一类复合极性脂质，拥有独特的生理活性，对维持机体正常生命活动以及营养健康起着至关重要的作用。为了对膳食磷脂的营养学研究以及相关代谢疾病的预防提供参考，对磷脂的结构组成与生理活性、膳食来源及其营养学特性进行了综述。根据分子结构，磷脂可以分为不同的类型，也具有不同的生理功能以及营养特性；此外，磷脂的膳食来源丰富，但不同膳食来源的磷脂组成及含量存在差异。不同类型磷脂在改善记忆、提高免疫力以及预防心脑血管等代谢性疾病方面都发挥着很大的作用。 Phospholipids are a kind of complex polar lipid, which has unique biological activity and play an important role in maintaining normal life activity and health. The structure composition, physiological activity, dietary sources and nutritional characteristics of phospholipids were reviewed,so as to provide reference for the nutritional research of dietary phospholipids and the prevention of related metabolic diseases. According to the molecular structure, phospholipids can be divided into different types, each with different physiological activities and nutritional characteristics. In addition, the dietary sources of phospholipids are abundant, but the composition and content of phospholipids from different dietary sources are also different. Different phospholipid also plays a vital role in improving memory and immunity, and preventing metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.