Association between dietary inflammatory index and gallstones in US adults

Previous studies have found that diet's inflammatory potential is related to various diseases. However, little is known about its relationship with gallstones. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and gallstones. Data were obtained from the 2003-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We used the nearest neighbor propensity score matching (PSM) with a ratio of 1:1 to reduce selection bias. Logistic regression models estimated the association between DII and gallstones. The non-linear relationship was explored with restricted cubic splines (RCS). BMI subgroup stratification was performed to explore further the connection between DII and gallstones in different populations. 10,779 participants were included. Before and after PSM, gallstone group individuals had higher DII scores than non-gallstone group individuals (