The impact of soil erosion on environments: A case study of the Oued Beht Watershed (Morocco)

Soil erosion poses a significant environmental challenge in the Oued Beht watershed, Morocco, impacting local ecosystems and water quality. This study investigates the causes and effects of soil erosion in this region, utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) tools and field techniques to analyze land use changes, agricultural practices, soil properties, and precipitation patterns. The findings establish a clear link between soil degradation and declining water quality in nearby aquatic environments. Major contributors to soil erosion include intensive agriculture, climate change, deforestation, vegetation degradation, and steep terrain. To predict future erosion rates, models were used, emphasizing the need for proactive management strategies. To address these issues, the study suggests implementing sustainable agricultural practices and soil conservation measures like agroforestry, vegetative buffer strips, and slope management. These measures can effectively reduce soil erosion and its adverse effects on water quality. The study underscores the importance of integrated management approaches to preserve biodiversity and soil fertility in the region. The findings provide crucial information for policymakers to adopt sustainable land conservation and management policies, ensuring the protection of aquatic ecosystems and environmental sustainability in the Oued Beht watershed.