Review of microplastic degradation: Understanding metagenomic approaches for microplastic degrading organisms

Environmental problems caused by plastic pollution are among the most pressing issues of our time. In recent years, metagenomics has become a powerful tool for understanding the microbial communities responsible for plastic biodegradation. In this review, recent developments and trends in metagenomics are discussed, and a comprehensive overview of the metagenomic methodology, analysis, and comparison of plastic-degrading bacteria is provided. In addition, the environmental consequences of plastic degradation are discussed, such as the impact on soil, water, and air quality, as well as the potential health risks posed by ingesting and inhaling microplastics. Possible solutions to the plastic degradation problem, such as using biodegradable materials and implementing recycling programs, are also explained. This review highlights the potential impact of metagenomics on the development of sustainable solutions to plastic pollution. [Display omitted] •Metagenomics helps understand microbial communities in plastic biodegradation.•Research on microplastic biodegradation could lead to new pollution-fighting technology.•Comparative studies on enzymes suited for microplastic degradation are important for large volumes of micropollutants.•Interdisciplinary approaches like metagenomics said in understanding factors for microplastic biodegradation.•More research will provide insights for effective strategies to reduce plastic pollution.