Antibody validation for protein expression on tissue slides: a protocol for immunohistochemistry

Antibodies play a crucial role in basic research and clinical decision-making. However, there are no standardized algorithms or guidelines to ensure their accuracy and validity. There have been efforts to generate consensus, but, with the exception of clinical labs, antibody validation remains variable in the literature and sometimes in clinical practice. Here we focus on immunohistochemistry, an example of a scientific and clinical tool where validation of antibodies is critical. We describe a protocol that we use to validate antibodies specifically for immunohistochemistry, including some of the pillars of antibody validation from Uhlen 2016, as an example of a rigorous approach to build antibody-based tests for both basic and translational science labs and for the clinic.