Nanowastes and environment: A new approach in waste management

Naturally occurring nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized to be used in many sectors, and their physical and chemical properties have been modified for intended usages. Especially in the last 20 years, in parallel with an increase in production and application of NP and nanoproducts, a rapid increase in the amount of waste has been considered. Wastes occurred from production to consumption of NPs at several stages are discharged into the receiving environment. However, nanowastes cannot be discussed efficiently due to the lack of a proper determination of nanowaste quantity and characterization. In order to minimize the toxic effects of nanowastes, within an effective and sustainable framework, waste definition and necessary plans and practices need to be applied. In this study, definition, classification and recommendations on disposal of nanowastes are presented taking into account the existing international waste management legislatives.