Chemical Constituents from the Fruit of Melia azedarach and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Phytochemical investigations of fruits have led to the isolation of a novel tirucallane triterpenoid ( ), four new limonoids ( - ), and four known limonoids ( - ). Their structures were clarified by comprehensive spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses. The anti-inflammatory activities of isolated compounds were assessed in vitro. Compound exhibited the most potent anti-inflammatory effect, with an IC value of 22.04 μM. Additionally, compound attenuated LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reduced the levels of inflammatory mediators IL-6 and TNF- . A mechanistic study revealed that limonoid suppresses the expression of iNOS and JAK2 and is implicated in the modulation of the NF-κB signaling cascade, which reveals its anti-inflammatory actions.