The rpl23 gene and pseudogene are hotspots of illegitimate recombination in barley chloroplast mutator seedlings
Previously, through a TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes) approach applied on barley chloroplast mutator ( cpm ) seedlings a high frequency of polymorphisms in the rpl23 gene was detected. All the polymorphisms corresponded to five differences already known to exist in nature betwee...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Scientific reports 2019-07, Vol.9 (1), p.9960-13, Article 9960 |
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Zusammenfassung: | Previously, through a TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes) approach applied on barley chloroplast mutator (
cpm
) seedlings a high frequency of polymorphisms in the
rpl23
gene was detected. All the polymorphisms corresponded to five differences already known to exist in nature between the
rpl23
gene located in the inverted repeats (IRs) and the
rpl23
pseudogene located in the large single copy region (LSC). In this investigation, polymorphisms in the
rpl23
gene were verified and besides, a similar situation was found for the pseudogene in
cpm
seedlings. On the other hand, no polymorphisms were found in any of those loci in 40 wild type barley seedlings. Those facts and the independent occurrence of polymorphisms in the gene and pseudogene in individual seedlings suggest that the detected polymorphisms initially arose from gene conversion between gene and pseudogene. Moreover, an additional recombination process involving small recombinant segments seems to occur between the two gene copies as a consequence of their location in the IRs. These and previous results support the hypothesis that the CPM protein is a component of the plastome mismatch repair (MMR) system, whose failure of the anti-recombination activity results in increased illegitimate recombination between the
rpl23
gene and pseudogene. |
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ISSN: | 2045-2322 2045-2322 |
DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-019-46321-6 |