Variations in the diagnostic performance of transurethral resection of bladder tumor with photodynamic diagnosis according to surgical experience: A retrospective, single-center study

•Urological experience greater impacts PDD diagnostic accuracy than PDD experience.•Accuracy is lower in areas prone to tangential effects such as the bladder neck.•Tangential effect areas require more surgical experience for accurate assessment.•Combining PDD and WL findings boosts sensitivity, even for less experienced surgeons.•Further educational methods are needed to optimize PDD outcomes for residents. To investigate variations in diagnostic performance of photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) according to surgical experience. Data were extracted from patients having pT1 or lower primary tumors that underwent PDD-assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) with orally 5-amibolevulinic acid at our institute. Surgical experience was categorized by urological experience (first-year and second-year) and PDD experience (