Non-invasive assessment of fatigue and recovery of inspiratory rib cage muscles during endurance test in healthy individuals

IntroductionFatigue is defined as loss of capacity to develop muscle force and/or velocity that is reversible at rest. We assessed non-invasively the fatigue and recovery of inspiratory rib cage muscles during two respiratory endurance tests in healthy individuals.MethodsThe sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) was assessed before and after two respiratory endurance tests: normocapnic hyperpnea (NH) and inspiratory pressure threshold loading (IPTL). Contractile (maximum rate of pressure development and time to peak pressure) and relaxation parameters (maximum relaxation rate [MRR], time constant of pressure decay [τ], and half relaxation time) obtained from sniff curves and shortening velocity and mechanical power estimated using optoelectronic plethysmography were analyzed during SNIP maneuvers. Respiratory muscle activity (electromyography) and tissue oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy-NIRS) were obtained during endurance tests and SNIP maneuvers. Fatigue development of inspiratory rib cage muscles was assessed according to the slope of decay of median frequency.ResultsPeak pressure during SNIP decreased after both protocols (p