Gliomas Interact with Non-glioma Brain Cells via Extracellular Vesicles

Emerging evidence suggests that crosstalk between glioma cells and the brain microenvironment may influence brain tumor growth. To date, known reciprocal interactions among these cells have been limited to the release of paracrine factors. Combining a genetic strategy with longitudinal live imaging, we find that individual gliomas communicate with distinct sets of non-glioma cells, including glial cells, neurons, and vascular cells. Transfer of genetic material is achieved mainly through extracellular vesicles (EVs), although cell fusion also plays a minor role. We further demonstrate that EV-mediated communication leads to the increase of synaptic activity in neurons. Blocking EV release causes a reduction of glioma growth in vivo. Our findings indicate that EV-mediated interaction between glioma cells and non-glioma brain cells alters the tumor microenvironment and contributes to glioma development. [Display omitted] •Distinct types of gliomas interact with different sets of brain cells•Glioma cells use extracellular vesicles to achieve the glioma-brain-cell crosstalk•EV-mediated communication alters neuronal activity in the labeled neurons Non-glioma cells form a unique tumor microenvironment and are critical for glioma progression. Gao et al. find that individual gliomas communicate with distinct sets of non-glioma cells, including glial cells, neurons, and vascular cells. Transfer of genetic material is achieved mainly through extracellular vesicles (EVs).