Production of Torrefied Solid Bio-Fuel from Pulp Industry Waste

Globally averaged CO2 levels have risen since the pre-industrial period from approximately 280 ppm in the 18th century to over 400 ppm in 2015 [2]. [...]the task concerning how to reduce fossil fuel usage and mitigate the greenhouse effect has been of vital importance towards creating a sustainable society [3,4]. [...]the effective utilization of biomass energy is a preventive and strategic measure against global warming. After the torrefaction process, the said characteristics of WPST are close to those of coal. Otherwise, the dewatering of the waste sludge using other approaches (e.g., belt pressing) would still be required before disposal. [...]the application of torrefaction to the dewatered waste sludge is feasible, in place of disposal, which is costly.