Tunus’ta Otoriter Yönetim ve İslamcı Hareketin Doğuşu: Burgiba Dönemi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme (1956-1987)

This study examines the origins of the Islamic movement through the developments in the period of Habib Bourguiba, which established a one man regime in Tunisia after independence. Bourguiba, who believes that progress and development for Tunisia is possible only by following Western methods and values , has taken steps to completely tie the country to its Arab-Muslim culture, which dates back to centuries. In this process, secularism has been reinterpreted in an authoritarian sense in order to give the state absolute control over religion. Nevertheless, the radical secularization reforms imposed on the public by Bourguiba have not been accepted in the ensuing society due to economic problems. The opposing actors who acted with Islamic sensitivities played a key role in the formation of a social and political movement that was effective at the end of the Bourguiba period.In this context, the study will examine the effects of the radical reforms and the economic crisis of Bourguiba period on the birth and the politicization of the Islamic movement in Tunisia.