Fermented Polyherbal Formulation Restored Ricinoleic Acid-Induced Diarrhea in Sprague Dawley Rats and Exhibited In Vitro Antibacterial Effect on Multiple Antibiotic-Resistant Gastrointestinal Pathogens

The involvement of multiple antibiotic-resistant gastrointestinal pathogens in diarrhea aggravates the disease condition uncontrollably. The current study aimed to find and develop a suitable formulation utilizing multiple natural components from known plant sources to augment the current therapeutic outcomes. The hydroethanolic extraction method was applied through boiling and fermentation on ancient observation-based efficacious plant parts for developing the antidiarrheal polyherbal formulation AP-01. An animal study model of diarrhea was used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the formulation. The formulation was tested on four different multiple antibiotic-resistant gastrointestinal pathogens collected from the national repository. The formulation depicted no cytotoxicity on normal gut cells and was efficacious at 10 ml/kg single dose in relieving symptoms of diarrhea by 79.71%, compared with the standard drug showing a reduction of symptoms by 83.01%. AP-01 exhibited delayed gastric motility. The symptoms of diarrhea ceased to occur within 320.66 ± 5.05 minutes with AP-01, whereas the standard drug took 308 ± 6.63 minutes. AP-01 was found successful at a viable dosage regimen of 75 l/ml v/v to 100 l/ml v/v in inhibiting the growth of different pathogens from the Enterobacteriaceae family possessing resistance against several classes of antibiotics in culture media. Chemical analysis revealed different alkaloids, flavonoids, and polyphenols that probably work in unison through multiple modes of action to arrest diarrhea and inhibit pathogens simultaneously. These promising results shown by AP-01 should evoke an effort to dive deep into research and development for better therapeutic formulations for infectious diarrhea by harvesting nature's arsenal.