Antimicrobial peptides, an alternative to combat bacterial resistance

Antimicrobial peptides of higher organisms have been studied for the past 25 years, and their importance as components of innate immunity is now well established. The essential simplicity of their chemical structure, along with the lower likelihood of developed resistance compared to conventional antibiotics, has made them attractive candidates for development as therapeutics. The objective of this review article is to describe the current relevance, main mechanisms presented, and the uses of antimicrobial peptides as new therapies in the clinical area. The information used was mainly compiled from scientific articles based on a systematic review of scientific papers with data on human antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their different applications, searching without date limits and only documents in English and Spanish. Gray literature was accessed through manual search, and no restrictions were made involving study design for a retrospective study. Although these products have not yet been commercialized, they have advantages over the currently available treatments since they are not expected to cause bacterial resistance due to their three-dimensional structure, amphipathic tendency, and cationic character; however, the technique of peptide production is still new and is in the early stages of innovation of new molecules.