Near-infrared spectroscopy for kidney oxygen monitoring in a porcine model of hemorrhagic shock, hemodilution, and REBOA

Acute kidney injury is a common complication of trauma and hemorrhagic shock. In a porcine model of hemorrhagic shock, resuscitative endovascular balloon aortic occlusion (REBOA) and hemodilution, we hypothesized that invasive kidney oxygen concentration measurements would correlate more strongly with noninvasive near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) oxygen saturation measurements when cutaneous sensors were placed over the kidney under ultrasound guidance compared to placement over the thigh muscle and subcutaneous tissue. Eight anesthetized swine underwent hemorrhagic shock 4 of which were resuscitated with intravenous fluids prior to the return of shed blood (Hemodilution protocol) and 4 of which underwent REBOA prior to resuscitation and return of shed blood (REBOA protocol). There was a moderate correlation between the NIRS and kidney tissue oxygen measurements ( r = 0.61 p