Willingness to volunteer in future HIV vaccine clinical trials: A literature review and evidence synthesis

Context: Developing an effective vaccine for HIV/AIDS is a global endeavor requiring the participation of willing volunteers. Aims: To evaluate the willingness of the global population to undergo vaccination and participate in clinical trials. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, relevant studies published from January 2005 to December 2019 that reported quantitative, qualitative, and mixed analyses in peer-reviewed research papers were sought in the major databases. The inclusion criteria were that the studies be related to the willingness of participants to undergo HIV vaccination and submit to subsequent clinical trials, that they are in English, conducted in any geographic location, and published during the target period. The exclusion criteria were grey literature and studies involving the stakeholders, medical students or medical fraternities, seropositive parents with seronegative offspring, the vaccine’s biochemical, immunological, or financial aspects, and participants below the age of 16. Systematic reviews, letters to the editor, and case studies were also excluded. Results: The selected databases initially yielded 334 articles, of which 27 remained after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic data, motivating factors, and the volunteers’ willingness levels were collected and analyzed. Conclusions: This review offers guidance for future research, including a standardized scale to predict the willingness of potential volunteer groups.