Effects of Warming, Phosphorous Deposition, and Both Treatments on the Growth and Physiology of Invasive Solidago canadensis and Native Artemisia argyi

Anthropogenic climate change and species invasion are two major threats to biodiversity, affecting the survival and distribution of many species around the world. Studying the responses of invasive species under climate change can help better understand the ecological and genetic mechanisms of their invasion. However, the effects of warming and phosphorus deposition on the phenotype of native and invasive plants are unknown. To address the problem, we applied warming (+2.03 °C), phosphorus deposition (4 g m yr NaH PO ), and warming × phosphorus deposition to and to measure the direct effects of environmental changes on growth and physiology at the seedling stage. Our results reveal that the physiology parameters of and did not change significantly with the external environment. Under phosphorus deposition, had higher plant height, root length, and total biomass compared to . Interestingly, warming has an inhibitory effect on the growth of both and , but overall, the reduction in total biomass for (78%) is significantly higher than (52%). When the two plants are treated with warming combined with phosphorus deposition, the advantage gained by from phosphorus deposition is offset by the negative effects of warming. Therefore, under elevated phosphorus, warming has a negative effect on the invasive and reduces its growth advantage.