Phraseologisms Characterising Speech Communication in the Russian and Vietnamese Languages

This article considers Russian and Vietnamese phraseological units which designate and characterise language and speech. The research aims at identifying the nationally significant principles of Russian and Vietnamese speech communication with reference to phraseology. Using the method of continuous selection, for the purpose of the research, the author chooses all the idioms containing words язык and язычок (tongue) from phraseological dictionaries. The author puts forward a thematic classification of these phraseological units. Using the methods and techniques of linguo-axiological and linguocultural analysis and referring to the units from the subgroups “Eloquence” and “Inarticulateness”, the author singles out direct and implicit value utterances, reflecting the conventional principles of Russian speech communication. Relying on the Dictionary of Vietnamese Idioms and Proverbs and the New Great Vietnamese-Russian Dictionary, the author projects the results of the analysis on the phraseological subsystem of the Vietnamese language, which only contains a few units with the equivalent of the word язык (tongue). The author singles out the conventional principles of communication underlying the Vietnamese linguistic culture with reference to the subgroup of phraseological units that denote the inherent worth of a word and evaluate the existing speech practices. The contrastive analysis of the linguistic material carried out on the semantic basis reveals the difficulties arising in the process of searching for phraseological equivalents during the translation procedure. In the future, it seems possible to form a holistic scholarly idea of conventional peculiarities of communicational interaction approved and disapproved of by the representatives of each linguistic culture relying on a comparison of the phraseology of the two languages, clarify the criteria of national identity, and reveal the peculiarities of linguocultural types.