Severe granulomatous gastric lesions following migration of Spiroxys contortus larvae (Nematoda: Spirurida) in European pond turtles, Emys orbicularis

The European pond turtle gradually disappeared from most of its range due to various factors. Hence, conservation measures are of main concern in all European countries where it is still present. A decent methodology for assessing the effect of parasites on the health of wildlife is microscopic lesion description. In 2002–2007, eight Emys orbicularis were brought for necropsy. The presence of gastric nematodes, identified as adults and larval Spiroxys contortus was noticed in all the turtles. A discrete cellular infiltrate with mononuclear cells and eosinophils was noticed in the gastric mucosa. The most prominent lesions were severe granulomas with or without degenerated larval structures. Some of the granulomas presented a central area of coagulation necrosis surrounded by giant cells, epithelioid cells and macrophages. In mature granulomas, the cluster of macrophage cell line and necrosis were surrounded by a fibrous capsule. Vascular cuffs, hyperemia, edema and venous ectasia were also present.