Inorganic solar filters incorporated to carnauba wax and incidence of citrus black spot on tangerine

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of zinc (ZnO) and titanium (TiO2) oxides, added to carnauba wax emulsions, on the incidence of citrus black spot (CBS) caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa and, consequently, on tangerine quality. Wax emulsions blended with ZnO or TiO2 were...

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Veröffentlicht in:Pesquisa agropecuaria brasileira 2022-01, Vol.57
Hauptverfasser: Nascimento, Fernanda Varela, Valdebenito-Sanhueza, Rosa Maria, Bender, Renar João
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of zinc (ZnO) and titanium (TiO2) oxides, added to carnauba wax emulsions, on the incidence of citrus black spot (CBS) caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa and, consequently, on tangerine quality. Wax emulsions blended with ZnO or TiO2 were sprayed up to concentrations of 8% on late-season tangerine cultivars. Three experiments were carried out in a randomized complete four-block design, with two control treatments – one with the application of only the carnauba wax emulsion and the other without the application of the emulsion. The spraying of ZnO and TiO2 reduced the incidence of the disease on the harvested fruit; however, the increase in the concentrations of the oxides did not improve CBS control. Two consecutive applications of the oxides reduced the photosynthetic activity of the plants, negatively affecting yield, and caused damage to fruit peel. Tangerines infected artificially with 105 conidia mL-1 of P. citricarpa, before or after the sprayings of the photoprotective films, showed a reduced CBS incidence. The treatments with the application of only carnauba wax do not differ from those with films combined with ZnO and TiO2 regarding the control of CBS incidence. The addition of inorganic oxides to the carnauba films limits the photosynthetic activity and reduces the yield of the plants, besides damaging the visual quality of the tangerines. Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos dos óxidos de zinco (ZnO) e titânio (TiO2), adicionados à emulsão de cera de carnaúba, sobre a incidência de mancha preta dos citros (MPC) causada por Phyllosticta citricarpa e, consequentemente, sobre a qualidade de tangerinas. Emulsões de cera com adição de ZnO ou TiO2 foram aplicadas a concentrações de até 8% em cultivares tardias de tangerinas. Foram realizados três experimentos, em delineamento de quatro blocos completos ao acaso, com dois tratamentos controle – um com a aplicação apenas da emulsão de cera de carnaúba e outro sem a aplicação da emulsão. As pulverizações com ZnO e TiO2 reduziram a incidência da doença em frutos colhidos; no entanto, os aumentos nas concentrações dos óxidos não melhoraram o controle da doença. Duas aplicações consecutivas dos óxidos inibiram a atividade fotossintética das plantas, tendo afetado negativamente a sua produção, e causaram danos na casca das frutas. Tangerinas infectadas artificialmente com a suspensão de 105 conídios mL-1 de P. citricarpa, antes
ISSN:0100-204X
1678-3921
1678-3921
DOI:10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2022.v57.02927