The Effects of Shoulder- Girdle Muscles Fatigue on Ground Reaction Force, Elbow and Shoulder Joint Angle, and Accuracy of the Athletic Performance in Handball Penalty Throws

Objective: Fatigue is an integral part of sports that can affect athletic performance. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of shoulder girdle muscle fatigue on ground reaction force, Elbow and shoulder angle, and accuracy in handball penalty throws. Methods: 10 healthy male handball player with no history of injury in the shoulder (mean age 9/18 years, weight 79/72 kg, height 179 cm, 6/5 year membership in the team) voluntarily participated in this study. The subjects with full respect for the laws took a total of 16 penalty shots before and 16shots after reaching fatigue. Ground reaction force, angle of elbow and shoulder, and accuracy of launch of the two phaseس (phase of preparation for throwing and phase of the release of the ball) were recorded before and after fatigue. Results: Results showed significant differences in ground reaction force and accuracy of the throws before and after fatigue (p0.05). Discussion: As the subjects were professional, muscle fatigue did not have a significant effect on postural control, angles and angular velocity; but did affect the reaction force and accuracy of the throws before and after fatigue, which could ultimately affect the performance of athletes and competition results.