Gender Disparity in Lung Function Abnormalities among a Population Exposed to Particulate Matter Concentration in Ambient Air in the National Capital Region, India

The World Health Organization (WHO) global air quality study shows that 27 Indian cities, including New Delhi, are among the one hundred cities with the worst air quality globally. The scope of airway obstruction cases among residents in locations with critical air pollution levels like particulate matter (PM) pollutants PM and PM has not been addressed in the National Capital region, India. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV ) % predicted abnormalities among residents living in the National Capital Region, India with respect to their exposure to particulate matter pollutants (PM , PM ) in ambient air. Eight hundred and fifty-four residents, including 433 men and 421 women ranging in age from 18-70 years, living in the National Capital Region (NCR) of India participated in the study. Particulate matter concentrations in ambient air (PM and PM ) were monitored at 10 residential locations in the National Capital Region, India (New Okhla Industrial Development Authority (NOIDA) and Gurgaon). The lung function test (FEV ) was conducted using a spirometer. The Indian Air Quality Index showed either very poor or severe levels for PM at all study locations. A significant negative linear relationship was found between higher concentrations of PM and reduced FEV % predicted values (r = -0.8, p < 0.05). The prevalence of airway obstruction cases (79.6%, odds ratio 1.96, confidence interval 1.42-2.71) was higher (p