Annona muricata mitigates glycerol-induced nephrotoxicities in male albino rats through signaling pathways of angiotensin conversion enzyme, kidney injury molecule-1, and antioxidant properties

The ameliorative effect of Annona muricata in glycerol-induced acute kidney injury in laboratory rats was evaluated. Thirty albino rats were used and were divided into five of six rats per group. The first (control) group was given distilled water (2 ml/kg) for seven days, while the second (toxicant or glycerol alone) group was given only glycerol (10 ml/kg) on day 8. The third, fourth, and fifth groups received methanol leaf extract of Annona muricata (100 mg/kg), 200 mg/kg dose of the extract, and enalapril (10 mg/kg) respectively for seven days, and on day eight all received glycerol (10 ml/kg). Serum chemistry, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and changes in blood pressure were indices of toxicity. In the toxicant group, blood pressure increased significantly (p