Nematode controlling effects and safety tests of Duddingtonia flagrans biological preparation in sheep

Duddingtonia flagrans is a nematode-trapping fungus that is widely used to control parasitic nematodes in livestock. After oral ingestion and passage through the digestive tract of animals, this microorganism captures nematodes in feces. Although many researchers have examined the safety of this fungus for humans, animals, and the environment, few reports have discussed the safety of nematode-trapping D. flagrans biologics for animals. In this study, D. flagrans safety was tested, while adverse effects and toxicities were examined in sheep. First, the nematode killing effects in naturally parasitized sheep after administration of lyophilized D. flagrans preparations were tested.lyophilized D. flagrans preparations were administered to sheep at various doses, followed by key blood factor monitoring and an examination of major tissues, organ lesions, and pathology. Lastly, lyophilized D. flagrans preparations were administered to sheep at various doses, followed by key blood factor monitoring and an examination of major tissues, organ lesions, and pathology. the nematode killing effects of naturally parasitized sheep after administration were tested. The results demonstrated that treatment with D. flagrans isolates significantly reduced developing larvae numbers in feces, with an efficiency of 92.99%. Lyophilized preparations had no observable effects on physiological parameters in sheep, thus indicating a wide safety range in target animals, with potentially minimal risks in veterinary clinical practice. Overall, D. flagrans freeze-dried biologics effectively helped to controlled parasitic infections, which are safe in animals like sheep, and thus may provide a practical platform for nematode-trapping fungi in veterinary clinical settings.