Candida haemulonii Complex and Candida auris : Biology, Virulence Factors, Immune Response, and Multidrug Resistance

There is worldwide concern about the constant increase in infections caused by species that are multiresistant to antifungal drugs. The most common candidiasis is caused by , however, the species of the complex and are emerging opportunistic pathogens, which isolation from clinical samples has significantly increased in the past years. The special interest in the study of these species lies in their ability to evade the action of antifungal drugs, such as amphotericin B, azoles, and echinocandins. In addition, the phenotypic changes of these species have given them the ability to easily adapt to environmental changes, including the host milieu and immunity. In this paper, a detailed review of the current literature on the complex and is shown, analyzing aspects such as biology, immune response, putative virulence factors, infection, treatment, and the current strategies for diagnosis.