Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy with a Cage Prevents Sagittal Translation in the Correction of Kyphosis in Ankylosing Spondylitis

Background: Sagittal translation (ST) is an accidental event that surgeons commonly encounter during a spinal osteotomy in the correction of kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). However, there is a paucity of effective techniques to prevent ST. The purpose of this study was to propose a pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) with a cage as a method to prevent ST and to explore the efficacy and feasibility of this method in the treatment of kyphosis in AS. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 89 consecutive patients with AS kyphosis who underwent a PSO (Group B, 46 patients) or a PSO with a cage (Group A, 43 patients) from February 2009 to December 2013. Pre- and post-operative radiographic results were reviewed. ST and complications were analyzed in both groups. Clinical assessment was performed using the Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) outcomes metric. The patients were followed up for at least 2 years. Results: Group A achieved the same re-alignment of the kyphotic spine as Group B. Two (4.7%) of the 43 patients in Group A and 14 (30.4%) of the 46 patients in Group B had intraoperative ST (χ2 = 10.020, P = 0.002). Significant differences were identified between the two groups in the height change of the osteotomized column. SRS-22 scores improved significantly in both groups. Seven patients experienced neurologic complications (1 in Group A and 6 in Group B). Eight patients had cerebrospinal fluid leakage (2 in Group A and 6 in Group B). Conclusion: PSO with a cage significantly avoided ST during the osteotomy procedure and might represent a new, safe, and feasible choice for treating patients with AS kyphosis.