Characteristics of Gales in Shanghai Coastal Zones and Early Zonal Warning Assessment of Gales

There are many ships and ports in Shanghai coastal zones, where disastrous weather occurs frequently. Meteorological disasters often threaten the safety of people’s lives and properties along the coast and in the ports. In the past, the meteorological warnings for Shanghai coastal zones are mainly based on those issued for Yangshan Port by Shanghai Marine Meteorological Centre (SMMC), which are called “unified warnings”. However, there are obvious differences in the time and intensity of meteorological disasters in each region, and the unified warnings cannot meet the needs of the production and operation of the shipping and ports. In 2020, Shanghai coastal zones were divided into five sub-zones, where the meteorological forecast and warnings were carried out separately from July 2020. Based on hourly observational data of the representative stations in Shanghai coastal zones and warning signal data from 2016 to 2022, the gale events are selected to analyse the statistical characteristics of temporal and spat