A tumor map generated from three-dimensional visualization of image fusion for the assessment of microwave ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: a preliminary study

This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of a tumor map for assessing the ablative effect after ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation (US-PMWA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The medical records of 68 patients (49 male and 19 female, 59.9±12.7 years) with HCC who underwent US-PMWA from May 2013 to May 2017 were reviewed. A tumor map was generated from the fusion of three-dimensional (3D) visualization images based on the preoperative target tumor and postoperative ablation area, to evaluate whether the ablation area covering the tumor has reached a 5 mm ablative margin (AM). The lesions were divided into two groups according to the tumor maps: group A (failed to achieve AM) and group B (achieved AM). The cumulative local tumor progression (LTP) rates of both groups were statistically analyzed using the log-rank test. Success rate of tumor map generation was 100% (68/68), and no residual tumors were found. MWA-related 3D images, which included target tumor volume, ablation area volume, and residual liver ratio, were compared between groups A and B ( =0.295, =0.772, and =0.527, respectively). Technique effectiveness rate (91.7% vs 100%) was achieved in the two groups, showing no significant statistical differences ( =0.672). The 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month LTP rate was 8.3%, 16.7%, 20.8%, and 34%, respectively, for group A and 0%, 2.8%, 2.8%, and 2.8%, respectively, for group B, showing significant statistical differences (