Feasibility and effectiveness of the prolonged use of eltrombopag in addition to immunosuppression in patients with acquired aplastic anemia: a single-center real-life experience

Acquired Aplastic Anemia (AAA) is a rare disease involving primary bone marrow failure with consequent pancytopenia. The addition of the synthetic thrombopoietin-receptor agonist eltrombopag (ELT) to standard immunosuppression for the treatment of AAA has led to improvements in hemopoietic outcomes of AAA. Most of the data on the use of ELT for AAA was based on a maximum of 6 months of therapy. However, in clinical practice, a longer use of ELT is often required. This paper presents a monocentric real-life experience with prolonged use of ELT in 10 patients with AAA, showing data on effectiveness and safety. In our cohort, a high rate of response to ELT added to standard immunosuppression in patients with varying grades of severity of AAA was reported. After a median (range) observation time of 47.5 (31-75) months, the treatment with ELT was feasible with an overall response probability of 70% and was not associated with any concerning adverse event. Two episodes of relapse were reported; no signs of evolution have been reported so far. In conclusion, ELT as a prolonged therapy associated with standard immunosuppression in AAA patients not eligible for transplant seems to be feasible to consolidate and maintain the response.