Event‐related potential patterns of selective attention modulated by perceptual load

Introduction A high perceptual load can effectively prevent attention from being drawn to irrelevant stimuli; however, the neural pattern underlying this process remains unclear. Methods This study adopted a perceptual load paradigm to examine the temporal processes of attentional modulation by incorporating conditions of perceptual load, distractor‐target compatibility, and eccentricity. Results The behavioral results showed that a high perceptual load significantly reduced attentional distraction caused by peripheral distractors. The event‐related potential results further revealed that shorter P2 latencies were observed for peripheral distractors than for central distractors under a high perceptual load and that a suppressed compatibility effect with increasing load was reflected by the P3 component. Conclusion These findings suggested that (1) P2 and P3 components effectively captured different sides of attentional processing modulated by load (i.e., the filter processing of the object and the overall attentional resource allocation) and (2) response patterns of selective attention modulated by perceptual load were influenced by eccentricity. Our electrophysiological evidence confirmed the behavioral findings, indicating the neural mechanisms of attentional modulation. This research measured the effects of perceptual load on modulating selective attention from a new insight at later electrophysiological stages. In the current study, the P2 and P3 components were associated with different phases of an attention‐modulated process, corresponding to object filtering and overall attentional resource allocation, respectively. Overall, these findings provide electrophysiological evidence for attention quantification and further the understanding of attentional modulation.