Tea intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major global health problem due to its great disease and economic burdens. Tea is a popular beverage consumed by billions of people. globally owing to its health benefits. However, the evidence regarding the association between tea intake and NAFLD risk is inconsistent. To examine the genetically predicted causal association between tea intake and NAFLD risk using the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with tea intake were obtained from a large dataset (N = 447,485) in the UK biobank, and summary‐level genetic data for NAFLD (2,275 cases and 375,002 controls) were collected from the FinnGen consortium. The two-sample MR method was used to investigate the causal association between tea intake and NAFLD risk. The random‐effects inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) was used as the primary approach for estimating the causal effect, and MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode were used to verify the robustness of the primary results. Twenty-four valid SNPs were selected as the instrumental variables for tea intake. The IVW results indicated that tea intake was not causally associated with NAFLD risk (Odds ratio: 1.48; 95 % confidence interval: 0.64, 3.43; p = 0.364); moreover, the results from other methods were consistent with this finding. A leave-one-out analysis further demonstrated the robustness of our results. No evidence of heterogeneity, outliers, or horizontal pleiotropy was found. Our results do not support tea intake being causally associated with a decreased risk of NAFLD.