Population ecology and survivorship of San Joaquin antelope squirrels in grazed and control plots in the San Joaquin Desert of California

The San Joaquin antelope squirrel (Ammospermophilus nelsoni) is endemic to the San Joaquin Desert of California. It has been listed as Threatened by the state of California since 1980 due to profound habitat loss, but a paucity of information could limit conservation efforts for this species. We examined data collected each August during 1997–2006 to determine whether A. nelsoni population attributes differed between grazed and ungrazed study plots. We found that sex ratios, mean weights, percentage of reproductive males, number of young, yearly survival, longevity, overall survivorship, and population growth trajectories all were similar between grazed and ungrazed plots. In general, sex ratios were even, males were heavier than females, some males were reproductive in August (although most females were not), and the number of young was inversely related to residual dry matter. We also found that we captured most individuals only once, but we captured a few squirrels for up to for 5 years, and the populations on both grazed and ungrazed plots were growing during the 10-year study. Our study was only the second long-term investigation of this species and the information is needed for further conservation and recovery efforts.