Characteristics of glacier ice melt runoff in three sub-basins in Urumqi River basin, eastern Tien Shan

The Urumqi River basin located in eastern Tien Shan in Central Aisa Glacier runoff plays a pivotal role in water resources and stabilizing streamflow in mountainous regions. To assess the characteristics of glacier ice melt runoff in sub-basins within a single basin, three sub-basins with glacier ratios varying from 4% to 46% in the Urumqi River basin are investigated. Through the simulation by HBV light model on the basis of the observed meteorological and hydrological data. The characteristics and behaviour of glacier ice melt runoff in the three sub-basins are analysed. It was found that both the contribution ratios of ice melt runoff and glacier runoff increase linearly with the increasing glacier ratio for the three catchments, rather than logarithmically or exponentially as observed in previous studies. This is due to the relatively high contributions of ice melt and glacier runoff to river flow in a catchment characterized by high elevation and extensive glacier coverage (Catchment 1), resulting from the coincidence of summer precipitation maxima with snow and ice melt in this region. The coefficient of variations (CV) of river flow tends to decrease with the decreasing glacier ratio in sub-basins in the Urumqi River basin, indicating that river flow becomes more stable as it flows farther from the headwater in the Urumqi River basin. The lowest glacierized Catchment 3 exhibited the minimum CV value, demonstrating a stable outflow. [Display omitted] •Ice melt runoff and glacier runoff contribution with glacier ratio scales linearly.•The average coefficient of variation (CV) of annual runoff tends to decrease as the decreasing glacier ratio .•Three sub-basins all displayed a “single peak” with maximum runoff occurring in July in their monthly variations.