Accelerating energy transition through battery energy storage systems deployment: A review on current status, potential and challenges in Malaysia

This paper examines the present status and challenges associated with Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) as a promising solution for accelerating energy transition, improving grid stability and reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. Serving as a key facilitator, BESS aids in integrating and balancing variable renewable energy sources to maintain a stable energy supply by storing excess energy and releasing it as needed. While global BESS deployment is on the rise, it falls short of aligning with storage capacity projections for a net-zero scenario, necessitating heightened efforts. In Malaysia, BESS is recognized as vital for system stability, prompting the government's plan to install 5 units of 100 MW BESS capacity by 2034. The establishment of grid codes and regulations is critical for the safe and reliable integration of BESS. Although specific guidelines for BESS grid integration are limited, certain sections from existing guidelines for Large Scale Solar (LSS) connections can be adapted. To enable widespread BESS implementation, challenges such as scalability, grid integration, and cost need to be addressed. Robust guidelines and regulations must be developed to successfully integrate BESS into the grid and pave the way for a sustainable energy future. The motivation behind this study is to assess the current state of research on BESS and its integration into power systems, identifying challenges and opportunities associated with this technology. Additionally, the paper aims to shed light on the role of grid codes in governing the connection and operation of BESS and other energy storage systems within the grid. •The significance of BESS is growing,which aids energy transition, renewables integration, reducing emissions and supporting low-carbon systems.•BESS worldwide status overview: IEA forecasts a 44-fold rise to 680GW in grid-scale battery storage by 2030. US, China, Europe lead deployment.•Malaysia's BESS status: Government commits to emissions reduction, aims for more renewables. Plans include deploying five 100MW units annually from 2030-2034, addressing stability with increased renewables.•Grid code significance: Governs BESS connection/operation. UK, Australia examples: voltage and frequency regulation, power quality. Malaysia lacks specific BESS guidelines, referencing renewable energy connection rules.•BESS benefits: Enhances power system reliability, efficiency, resilience, lowers costs and emissions. Integrates renewables, offers gri