Modern approaches to early diagnosis of CRC

Screening allows detecting not only tumors in the early stages, but also precancerous diseases. Over the past decades, due to the introduction and implementation of screening programs in many Western countries, there has been a gradual decrease in morbidity and mortality. Several screening tests have been developed to detect and prevent colorectal cancer (CRC). These tests differ in technology, cost and object of study. At present, the stool occult blood test and fibrocolonoscopy are mainly used to detect CRC. However, the search for new non-invasive and reliable markers with high sensitivity and specificity and suitable for the early diagnosis of CRC remains an urgent task. Due to the ability of microRNAs to be present outside the formations in various biological fluids of the body and to be determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the detection of microRNAs has shown significant promise in the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.