Facing the outcome of prematurity – opinions from the general practitioner

Preterm birth is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity, affecting more than 15 million babies worldwide each year. Preterm infants also have higher rates of motor, functional, and cognitive deficits. Modern imaging has contributed significantly to a better understanding of the etiology of various forms of brain injury in neonates. The follow-up of premature newborns is essential to prevent and diminish neurological sequelae in time. A multi-disciplinary team is needed to adequately monitor this category of children, in which the family doctor has a significant role. The variety of adverse events that preterm infants can be exposed to before, during, and after birth poses significant obstacles to developing therapeutic interventions to prevent brain damage, including developmental vulnerability to injury during a particular gestational age. In addition, several procedures required for neonatal critical care, reduce mortality but increase the risk of brain injury. This review is aimed to update the reader about the complications of preterm birth, current therapeutic uses, imaging techniques, as well as present and future research on preterm birth.