Antisense oligonucleotide therapy rescues disturbed brain rhythms and sleep in juvenile and adult mouse models of Angelman syndrome

encodes ubiquitin protein ligase E3A, and in neurons its expression from the paternal allele is repressed by the antisense transcript ( ). This leaves neurons susceptible to loss-of-function of maternal . Indeed, Angelman syndrome, a severe neurodevelopmental disorder, is caused by maternal deficiency. A promising therapeutic approach to treating Angelman syndrome is to reactivate the intact paternal by suppressing . Prior studies show that many neurological phenotypes of maternal knockout mice can only be rescued by reinstating expression in early development, indicating a restricted therapeutic window for Angelman syndrome. Here, we report that reducing by antisense oligonucleotides in juvenile or adult maternal knockout mice rescues the abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) rhythms and sleep disturbance, two prominent clinical features of Angelman syndrome. Importantly, the degree of phenotypic improvement correlates with the increase of Ube3a protein levels. These results indicate that the therapeutic window of genetic therapies for Angelman syndrome is broader than previously thought, and EEG power spectrum and sleep architecture should be used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of therapies.