定向挤压试验下核桃单粒破壳装置的研究Single walnut shell breaking device under directional extrusion test

为提高破壳整仁效果，对云南漾濞大泡核桃进行几何特征的测定，利用万能试验机进行核桃破壳定向挤压试验,探究平头式、凹槽式和V型槽挤压头对不同加载方向上核桃破壳效果的影响，拟合了核桃受压过程中破壳力与位移的关系曲线图，并通过有限元进行对比分析，另外，对核桃单粒破壳设备进行了设计。结果表明：云南漾濞大泡核桃为扁圆球形；在加载速率0~60 mm/min范围内，破壳率与加载速率成正比；结合有限元分析表明核桃在沿纵径方向用凹槽式挤压头挤压，壳体破裂完全且具有一定程度的核桃仁保护作用；结合核桃破壳定向挤压与仿真试验结果设计了一次破壳与二次破壳相继进行的核桃单粒定向敲击式破壳装置，可为核桃破壳装备的开发提供理论依据与新思路。In order to improve the effect of shell breaking, Yangbi big bubble walnuts from Yunnan for the determination of geometric characteristics, and walnut shell breaking directional extrusion test using universal testing machine to explore the flat extrusion head, groove extrusion head and V-groove extrusion head on walnuts in different loading direction of the walnut shell breaking effect, the compression process the curve of the shell breaking force in relation to the displacement in the compression of walnut was fitted, and the finite element was used to analyze the forces during the walnuts compression process. In addition, a single walnut shell breaking device was designed. The results showed that Yangbi big bubble walnuts were the flat round spherical, when the loading rate was 0-60 mm/min, the shell breaking rate was proportional to the loading rate; combined with the finite element results showed that compressing walnuts along the longitudinal diameter with the groove extrusion head, shell rupture was complete and the head structure had a certain degree of protection of the kernel. According to the test directional extrusion and simulation test results, a primary shell breaking and secondary shell breaking successive single walnut directional percussion shell breaking device was designed. The research can provide a theoretical basis and new ideas for the development of walnut shell breaking equipment.