Intraoperative hydrodissection and Doppler ultrasound during magnified varicocelectomy: A comparative study

We performed a non-randomized comparative trial that recruited infertile men with varicocele who were scheduled to undergo MSV. Eligible patients were allocated by the investigators in a 1:1 ratio to receive intraoperative Doppler (group I) or intraoperative Doppler plus hydrodissection (group II). Sixty men were included in each group. The two study groups showed a comparable number of ligated veins on the right (4.22 ±1.57 versus 4.42 ± 1.65; p = 0.49) and left side (6.77 ± 2.14 versus 6.98 ± 2.29; p = 0.59). On the contrary, group II showed a significantly higher number of preserved arteries on the right (2.42 ± 0.56 versus 1.47 ±0.5 in group I) and left side (2.6 ± 0.53 versus 1.63 ± 0.55 in group I), with p-value < 0.001. The sperm motility was significantly higher in group II than in group I (21.25 ± 13.73 versus 13.85 ± 12.25, respectively; p = 0.002). In both groups, the sperm motility increased significantly at the end of follow-up compared to the preoperative period. The postoperative sperm mortality remained significantly higher in group II than in group I (p = 0.008). Intraoperative Doppler plus hydrodissection (D+IH-MSV) has advantages in preserving more arteries and enhancing the motility of sperms. Based on these findings, we strongly recommend D+IH-MSV when treating infertile men with varicocele.