'You have to run it like a company'. The marketisation of adult learning and education in Germany and Slovenia

This paper identifies some of the key characteristics of the marketisation of adult learning and education (ALE) and analyses the effects in the contexts of Germany (focusing on Bavaria) and Slovenia. ALE policies and institutional practices are analysed through the method of document analysis and interviews. Policy models of ALE proposed by Lima and Guimaraes — the democratic–emancipatory model, the modernisation and state control model, and the human resources management model — are used as an analytical framework. The findings indicate that the latter model prevails in the analysed policies, while the market forces are introduced on the organisational level of ALE from ‘below’ through the increased influence of the market demand coming from the learners/customers, and from ‘above’ through calls for tenders that shape the ‘quasimarket’ in which the ALE organisations compete for funding. However, signs of resistance to the marketisation of ALE practices are also identified. (DIPF/Orig.)