The Analysis of Risk Factors of Development of Macular Edema after Phacoemulsification

Purpose: To identify and analyze factors contributing to the development of macular edema after cataract phacoemulsification (FEC). Methods : over 3 years of follow-up, 6218 surgeries were performed in 4608 patients. They were divided into three groups, taking into account the specifics of the surgery: operated on with 2.2 mm access without posterior capsulorhexis (РC), operated on using MICS technology through access 1.6–1.8 mm without РC, patients operated on with MICS technology through access of 1.6–1.8 mm from РC. The study included patients with persistent cystic macular edema (СMЕ), whose treatment required invasive interventions. During the observation period, 28 cases of persistent CME were identified, which were divided into groups corresponding to the time of onset, type of surgery and comorbidities. Results : a comparative analysis in groups without posterior capsulorhexis with access of 2.2 mm (n = 513) and 1.6–1.8 mm (n = 2588) using the Student’s statistical confidence coefficient (P) showed that a decrease in surgical access was significantly reduces the risk of СМЕ, which confirms its connection with the invasiveness of the intervention. Conclusion : Identified groups of factors that influence the nature of the macula response to the FEC, in particular, the occurrence of macular edema. All factors were analyzed. It was revealed that such factors as comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, age-related macular degeneration), type of surgical approach, and the presence of the epiretinal membrane directly affected the development and progression of macular edema. All factors were analyzed. It was revealed that such factors as comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, age related macular degeneration), type of surgical approach, and the presence of the epiretinal membrane directly affected the development and progression of macular edema. At the same time, revealed a direct relationship between the time of occurrence of CME and its effectiveness, as well as the volume of its invasive treatment. A significant increase in visual acuity in patients suggests a high efficacy of CME treatment associated with surgery.