Rydberg electron stabilizes the charge localized state of the diamine cation

A previous controversial discussion regarding the interpretation of Rydberg spectra of gaseous dimethylpiperazine (DMP) as showing the co-existence of a localized and delocalized mixed-valent DMP + radical cation is revisited. Here we show by high-level quantum-chemical calculations that an apparent barrier separating localized and delocalized DMP + minima in previous multi-reference configuration-interaction (MRCI) calculations and in some other previous computations were due to unphysical curve crossings of the reference wave functions. These discontinuities on the surface are removed in state-averaged MRCI calculations and with some other, orthogonal high-level approaches, which do not provide a barrier and thus no localized minimum. We then proceed to show that in the actually observed Rydberg state of neutral DMP the 3s-type Rydberg electron binds more strongly to a localized positive charge distribution, generating a localized DMP* Rydberg-state minimum, which is absent for the DMP + cation. This work presents a case where interactions of a Rydberg electron with the underlying cationic core alter molecular structure in a fundamental way. Previous theoretical interpretations of the Rydberg spectra of dimethylpiperazine (DMP) debated the existence of a localized minimum on the surface of the DMP+ cation. Here, the authors show a substantial influence of the Rydberg electron on the molecular structure, restoring the localized minimum.