Bisphenol A concentration in canned fruits and vegetables and their risk assessment using Monte Carlo simulation in Iran

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical produced in large quantities for use primarily in the production of polycarbonate plastics, which has risks for human health. This study aimed to investigate BPA contents in canned fruit and vegetable samples using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Furthermore, health risks were assessed for Iranian adults and children using Monte Carlo simulations. The mean concentration of BPA in canned samples of lentils, apricots, cherries, pineapples, eggplant stew, and green peas was 21.87, 4.52, 3.92, 1.86, 1.67 and 1.62 µg/kg, respectively. The level of BPA in the samples was within the standard level. The pH value in canned fruits varied from 3.6 to 4.7 (mean = 4.15) and in canned vegetables from 4.3 to 5.9 (mean = 5.21). The mean sugar content was 41.42% (ranged 38–48%), and the mean fat value was 24.234% (ranged 24.7–48%). The 95th percentile EDI values of BPA in canned fruit for adults and children were 6.12E-08, and 2.16E-07 mg/kg bw/day; and in canned vegetables were 1.78E-07, and 6.26E-07 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. The 95th percentile THQ values in canned fruit for adults and children were 1.48E-06 and 5.24E-06, and in canned vegetables were 3.56E-06 and 1.27E-05, respectively, and HQ was less than 1. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the contents of BPA in canned fruits and vegetables do not pose a safety concern for consumers in Iran.