Grass straw mulching to suppress emergence and early growth of weeds

Sorghum, pearl millet, and Brachiaria ruziziensis have similar characteristics which have led to their use for mulch formation in no-till systems. This study was carried out to evaluate the potential of these three species as straw suppliers to suppress weed emergence. Initial findings led to the co...

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Veröffentlicht in:Planta daninha 2014-03, Vol.32 (1), p.11-17
Hauptverfasser: Oliveira Jr, R.S., Rios, F.A., Constantin, J., Ishii-Iwamoto, E.L., Gemelli, A., Martini, P.E.
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:Sorghum, pearl millet, and Brachiaria ruziziensis have similar characteristics which have led to their use for mulch formation in no-till systems. This study was carried out to evaluate the potential of these three species as straw suppliers to suppress weed emergence. Initial findings led to the conclusion that both pearl millet and Brachiaria ruziziensis have similar or superior potential as weed suppressors, compared to sorghum straw, a species with recognized allelopathic potential. Subsequently, new trials were conducted under greenhouse conditions by sowing weed species in pots, followed by covering of the soil with the straw under evaluation. Independent experiments were conducted for Euphorbia heterophylla and Bidens pilosa. In each experiment, the factors analyzed were type of straw (pearl millet and B. ruziziensis), amount of straw (equivalent to 4 and 8 t ha-1 dry mass) and irrigation method (surface and subsurface). Both pearl millet and B. ruziziensis have shown to be species that can be cultivated to produce straw with allelopathic potential. These effects were effective in suppressing the emergence or early growth of E. heterophylla and B. pilosa. There was no difference in the suppression of emergence of these species when the soil cover level was alternated between 4 and 8 t ha-1 dry mass. Milheto, sorgo e Brachiaria ruziziensis apresentam características comuns que têm levado à utilização dessas espécies para a formação de cobertura morta em sistemas de plantio direto. O presente trabalho foi conduzido visando avaliar o potencial dessas palhadas na supressão de plantas daninhas. Em trabalho preliminar, observou-se que as palhadas de milheto e de B. ruziziensis apresentavam potencial semelhante ou superior ao da palhada de sorgo - uma espécie com reconhecido potencial alelopático - na supressão da emergência e do crescimento inicial de algumas espécies de plantas daninhas. Posteriormente, novos ensaios foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação mediante a semeadura da espécie de planta daninha em vasos, seguindo-se a cobertura do solo com a palhada da cobertura em avaliação. Experimentos independentes foram conduzidos para Euphorbia heterophylla e Bidens pilosa. Em cada experimento, os fatores analisados foram os tipos de palha (milheto e B. ruziziensis), as quantidades de palha (equivalentes a 4 e 8 t ha-1 de massa seca) e os métodos de irrigação (superficial e subsuperficial). Tanto o milheto quanto a Brachiaria ruziziensis demonstram apresen
ISSN:0100-8358
1806-9681
0100-8358
DOI:10.1590/S0100-83582014000100002