Effect of soluble dietary fiber on gut microbiota and derived metabolites in stage 3 to 5 chronic kidney disease patients: A randomized controlled trial

[Display omitted] •It was the first time to investigate the effect of a mixture of SDF containing 40% inulin, 20% resistant dextrin, 10% oligofructose or known as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), 10% oligogalactose or known as galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), 10% xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), and 9% glucomannan on biochemical parameters, gut microbiome and metabolites production of non-dialysis CKD participants in stage Ⅲ to Ⅴ.•This study employed a randomized double-blind RCT design using robust methods 16S rRNA sequencing and GC/MS metabolomics to quantitatively characterize the composition of the gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites.•The beneficial role of SDF as a prebiotic in ameliorating the inflammatory state and modulating gut microbes and beneficial substances SCFAs provides some evidence for the concept of the gut-kidney axis on the severity of chronic kidney disease. Gut dysbiosis is closely associated with the burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and strategies such as prebiotic supplementation have been suggested to ameliorate CKD and related complications. We hypothesized that prebiotic-soluble dietary fiber (SDF) complexes could ameliorate biochemical parameters, gut microbiota and microbial metabolites of CKD. Here, forty non-dialyzed CKD patients in stage 3 to 5 were randomized to receive either SDF or placebo for 30 days. As expected, SDF intervention reduced serum total cholesterol levels (P＜0.05) and plasma interleukin (IL)-8 levels (P＜0.05). No profound changes in the diversity or community structure of the gut microbiota were observed in SDF group, but the composition of the gut microbiota was altered. Moreover, the concentration of propionate of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) increased significantly following SDF intervention (P＜0.05). SDF supplementation seems to be a promising strategy to improve inflammation, gut microbiology and derived metabolites.