Bioglass and hybrid bioactive material: A review on the fabrication, therapeutic potential and applications in wound healing

Patients with chronic wounds continue to experience a high rate of morbidity, mortality, economic burden so in need of novel therapies with great clinical efficacy. Though there are many advancements in wound healing during the last two decades from basic traditional dressings to modern cutting edge skin alternates, only few wound care techniques are up to entirely satisfactory. Bioactive glasses are unique compounds which display special qualities and are useful in a plethora of medicinal applications. These crystalline intriguing substances-components which can substitute not only hard tissue but also showing promise in soft tissue regeneration and wound healing. Glass networks can incorporate biologically active minerals like Silver (Ag), Boron (B), Calcium (Ca), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Gallium (Ga), Magnesium (Mg), Selenium (Se), Strontium (Sr), and Zinc (Zn) as a result, these multifunctional materials have been superior compared to conventional materials as they can release multiple therapeutic ions targeting various phases of the wound healing development. Bio-glasses and the products of their dissolution are highly efficient at promoting angiogenesis, altering cellular processes during healing process and possessing qualities that are useful in the wound repairing process such as antibacterial and hemostatic characteristics. In this review, efforts have been made to summarize the preparation and various applications of bioglasses in repairing wounds and elaborated the imminent developments in this area. For better comprehension, the connection between glass structure and characteristics, the fundamental ideas of how bioactive glasses actively aid in wound healing and regeneration are also discussed. [Display omitted]