Exposure to elevated per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in early pregnancy is related to increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A nested case-control study in Shanghai, China
•Conducted nested case-control study on prospective cohort of 2,460 pregnant women.•Measured 12 PFASs by UPLC-Q/TOF MS in sera of pregnant women at 16–20 weeks.•GDM diagnosed by OGTT administered over 24–28 gestational weeks.•Serum PFBS and PFDoA significantly higher in GDM group than control.•Eleva...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Environment international 2020-10, Vol.143, p.105952, Article 105952 |
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Zusammenfassung: | •Conducted nested case-control study on prospective cohort of 2,460 pregnant women.•Measured 12 PFASs by UPLC-Q/TOF MS in sera of pregnant women at 16–20 weeks.•GDM diagnosed by OGTT administered over 24–28 gestational weeks.•Serum PFBS and PFDoA significantly higher in GDM group than control.•Elevated PFBS and PFDoA associated with higher GDM risk in early pregnancy.
Long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and their short-chain alternatives have been produced and used extensively in China. However, it is unclear whether these compounds contribute to the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women residing in contaminated areas.
The study was performed to explore the association between PFASs varying in chain length and the risk of developing GDM.
A nested case-control study was conducted in a prospective cohort of 2,460 pregnant women between July 1, 2017, and January 31, 2019 in Shanghai, China. Twelve PFASs of interest were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF MS) in the sera of pregnant women at 16–20 weeks. GDM was diagnosed by an oral glucose tolerance test administered over 24–28 gestational weeks. The cases and controls were matched by maternal age. The relationship between maternal serum PFAS level and GDM risk was determined by conditional logistic and linear regression analyses.
A total of 165 GDM cases and 330 controls were enrolled in the study cohort. The frequencies of detection of PFHpA, PFDS, and PFOSA were all ≤80%. Hence, they were excluded from any further risk analysis. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were detected at relatively high serum levels (medians 6.57 ng/mL and 8.07 ng/mL, respectively). The serum levels of perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) were significantly higher in the GDM group than they were in the control group (P = 0.02 and P |
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ISSN: | 0160-4120 1873-6750 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105952 |