Graphenization of anthracite and nanocomposite with nature rubber through microwave irradiation-solid state mechanochemistry strategy

The anthracite and Lewis acid catalyst CuCl2 were mixed evenly and placed under the alternating action of microwave field and solid state shear field for solid state reaction. The microwave field made the internal temperature of the coal reach the reaction temperature of the coal-based graphenization and the Lewis acid catalyst made the alkyl removal reaction of the coal molecules under high temperature environment. Direct graphenization of the Taixi anthracite was achieved by strong shear force field and repeated pulverizing and exfoliating provided by the solid state mechanochemical reactor, and then the nanocomposites of coal-based graphene (CB–GE) and natural rubber (NR) were realized in solid state shear milling, and the CB–GE/NR nanocomposites were successfully prepared. The structure and properties of the nanocomposites were characterized by proximate analysis, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, Raman spectroscopy and atomic force mi