Medical and Technical Approaches to Cataract Energy Surgery: Current Status of the Issue

The balance between the efficiency of lens’ destruction and the safety of this process for intraocular structures is the most important aspect in the search for alternative energy approaches in cataract surgery. The article provides a literature review summarizing modern medical and technical solutions aimed at developing new and effective methods of cataract phacoemulsification. One of the main components of cataract surgery is the balance between the effectiveness of ultrasound destruction of the lens and the safety of this process for intraocular structures. Most of the available technical solutions designed to replace ultrasound do not yet allow this to be fully implemented, since they have insufficient destructive power or are technologically complex and expensive, which makes it difficult for their mass introduction into widespread practice. In this regard, it is urgent to search for alternative energy approaches aimed at increasing the efficiency of destruction without increasing the negative effects associated with an increase in ultrasound dose.